Fuel injection means



April 5; 1932- cz. D. SALJSBURY I 1,852,191

FUEL INJECTION MEANS` Filed Feb. 7,' 1951 /s (Y f/ I 4 a f 23\ 6 INVNTQR ses@ /9 7 la l ATTORNEYS Patented Apr. 5, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT` OFFICE CARL D. SALISBURY, OF'CLEVELAND, OHIO, .ASSIGNOR TO WINTON ENGINE CORPORA- TION, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE FUEL INJECTION MEANS Application led February 7,1931.` Serial No. 514,127.

This invention relatesy to fuel injection means for internal combustion engines operating on the Diesel or a like cycle wherein liquid fuel is injected into highly compressed air in a combustion chamber.

Obviously the injection pressure of the fuel must be well above the precombustion pressure in the combustion chamber; and as the injection period must be very short, a very e high pressure indeed must be attained 'at the injection nozzle. i

N ow the compressibility of a liquid is so slight as to usually be negligible. However, commercial liquid fuels have been found to be subject to compression under injection pressures.

It is the object'of this invention to make the effects of compression of the fuel negligible'. Briefly this is accomplished by making the expansible chamber of the injection pump means of a minimum volume, and locating this chamber as close as possible to the inj ection nozzle. To accomplish this, I provide that the pump inlet valve function also as the spill valve by which cutoff of injection is accomplished, and locate this valve close to the injection valve, in fact therewithin as will v appear.

The exact nature of this invention together with further objects and advantages thereof will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is an assembly View, in section, of an embodiment of my inf..

vention, and Fig.- 2 is a similar but enlarged View showing details of the same at the nozzle.

With reference now to the drawings, 1 indicates a portion of the combustion chamber I wall of an engine cylinder, the wallvhaving which together vform what may be considered the body of the injection means. The nozzle 5 is provided with the usual plurality of minute injection openings 6, and has a conical inner surface 7 to provide a seat for the head portion 8 of the injection valve. j

The injection valve likewise comprises an assembly of a number of rigidly associated parts including a hollow stem portion 9 associated with the head portion 8 by a cap 10 turned onto and pinned with the stem 9 as in dicated; the purposes of such arrangement being that the valve head 8 may have slight lateral motion to accurately seat, that accessA may be had to the hollow of the stem 9, and that the cap 10 may be secured in adjusted position.

The body of the injection means has a bore l1 about the stem portion 9 of the injection valve and an injection plunger 12 is arranged to slide therein, the plunger having a bore to receive the stem 9. The plunger extends adjacent the nozzle to provide an expansible chamber 13, annular about the stem 9 and im'- mediately adjacent the nozzle 5. At its opposite end the plunger 12 includes a sleeve 14 capped as at 15. The stem 9 of the injection valve extends within the hollow 14a of the sleeve 14 and is there provided with a head 16. A compression spring 17 is arranged to bear between the cap 15 and the head 16, to urge the plunger 12 outwardly from the nozzle and also urge the injection valve to seat within the nozzle.

The injection valve stem 9'is provided with a central through bore 18, and the injection valve head 8 is T-bored as at 19, the bores 18 and 19 together providing a passage ope-ning leading from the expansible chamber 13 into the hollow 14a of the plunger. The sleeve 14 has transverse openings 20 leading to an annular clearance opening 21 thereabout, and fu'el supply connection as at 22 is provided for this annular space 21. Thus fuel from the connection 22 will find its way to the expansible 9 o will be apparent that upon upward or outward strokes of the plunger 12 flow of fuel will be induced past the valve 23 into the eX- pansible chamber. 13; but onopposite strokes of the plunger egresspast the valve 23 will be prevented and pressure built up in the chamber 13. Since the sectional area of the injection valve stem 9 is greater than the area of the opening closed by the valve, the unbalanced pressure ellect upon the injection valve will cause unseating of this valve against'the action of the spring 17, and injection of fuel through the nozzle and into the'combustion chamber will follow.

A cross head guide 24 is provided in the block 3 adjacent vthe outer end `of the sleeve 14 to bear against the latter, and packing as at 25 is provided to prevent leakage of the fuel past this guide. .AA` plunger actuating arm 26 arranged to Amove in Yproperly timed relation with the other engine parts, extends over the guide 24 and has actuating connection therewith through a push rod 27 so that downward or working strokes'of the plunger may be effected through forcesY acting through the push rod 27 The plunger under the action of the spring 17 will follow the pusli rod on its outward strokes. Q

It will be observed that only in the chamber` 13 is the fuel subjected. to pressures as high as required for injection", the fuel pressure other parts of thesystem being only thatnecessary to cause-it .to enter thechamber 13 on outward strokes of the plunger.

That cutoff of injection may be had before the plunger l2 completes its worln'ng stroke, I arrange for opening of the inlet valve 23 under variablytimed control. To this Vend I arrange arod 28 within'the bore 18 of the in' jectioii valve stem` 9. This rod is fluted orotherwise deformed as at 29 and turned down as at`30 to allow passage therepast throughv the Abore 18. The rod extendsat one end adjacent to the valve 23, and at its opposite end mg a bore, an injection .valve seat' fsi gnature..

will be depressed'te open the valve 23 at variable times during the Working stroke of the plunger 12. In other words, by this arrangement the valve 23 may be timed under operator control to open as a spill valve' and thus control the amount of injection. When the spill valve is opened, continued motion of the plunger will of course back up the fuel from the expansible valve toward the connection 22 allowing theinjection valve to immediately reseat.

What I claim is t 1. Euel injection apparatus of the class described comprising a body having a nozzle portion, an injection plunger movable in the body to provide an expansible chamber adjacent said nozzle portion, said plunger having a bore, an injection valve seating within said nozzle and having a stem portion slidable in said bore, said injection valve having a passage leadingx from said chamber through said plunger, inlet valve means carried by said injection valve and arranged for automatic op eration as acheck valve to allow flow 'through'said passage only toward said chamber, and actuating means for. said inlet valve to cause opening thereof as a spill valve.

2.' Fuel injection apparatus of the class described comprisinga body having a nozzle portion, an injection plunger-movable in the body to rovide an expansible chamber adja. cent said nozzle portion, "said plunger havvsaid nozzle and having a stem portion slidable in said bore, said injection valve having a I passage leading from said chamber through said plunger, inlet valve-means car-. ried by saidinjection' valve and arranged for automatic operation as a check valve to allow flow through said passage only toward said chamber,.actuating means for said inlet valve to cause opening thereof as a spill valve, and actuating means for said plunger, said inlet valve actuating means extending through said plunger actuating means.

1 hereby aaix my' CARL D. sALIsBURv.

In testimony whereof.

carries a head 31. A compression V'spring 32 is arranged between'the head 31 of the rod 28 and the head 16 of the injection valve, to yieldably urge the rod 28 from the valve 23. A guide 33 is mounted in the cross head 24 to carry an actuating stem 34 for the rod 28 and thus `:for the valve 23; the arm 26 and the push rod 27. having suitable clearance openings. One end of the stem 34extends adja cent the head 3lof the rod 28, Y

The opposite end of the stem 34 has conneetion as by 35 with an actuating arm 36. This arm in turn has actuating con; neet-ien th fh gear with the other moving whereby the stem 34 

